辨别铜佛像主要看以下六点:一看面相和体形,二看手印与坐姿,三看标识与坐骑,四看细部与装饰,五看材料与质地,六看铭文与题记。
Identifying the six points of the bronze Buddha statue is the following: one looks at the face and the shape, the two looks at the handprint and the sitting posture, the three looks and the mounts, the four looks at the detail and the decoration, the five looks at the material and the texture, and the six looks at the inscriptions and inscriptions.
一、佛像的面相与体型,是鉴定佛像的关键。它包括面部的五官、身材的比例、肌肉的表现、整体的风格等等,哪怕同一朝代的不同时期,也有很大的差异。比如清代康熙、乾隆时期和嘉庆、道光时期的造像,就有着一定的差别。
First, the face and figure of Buddha are the key to identify Buddha. It includes facial features, proportions of stature, performance of muscles, overall style, and so on, even in different periods of the same Dynasty. For instance, the statues of Kangxi and Qian Long during the Qing Dynasty and Jiaqing and Daoguang periods were different.
二、所谓标识和坐骑、佛像的手印、坐姿都是有定规的,只要仔细观察和对照,就可正确地为一件造像定名,分清是佛还是菩萨,究竟是哪尊佛哪尊菩萨。
Two, the so-called signs and mounts, the handprints of the Buddha, sitting posture are fixed, as long as careful observation and contrast, can be correctly named for a statue, the Buddha or Bodhisattva, which Buddha is which Buddha.
三、所谓细部与装饰,可以说是佛像鉴定时非常实用的小窍门。如明代莲花座与清代莲花座上的莲瓣装饰,明代莲瓣精细而长,且瓣与瓣中有小型三角装饰,而清代莲瓣则显得粗壮,瓣与瓣间也无装饰。
Three, the so-called details and decoration, can be said to be a very practical tips for the identification of Buddha. The lotus petals in the Ming Dynasty and the lotus flower pedestal of the Qing Dynasty are decorated with lotus petals. The lotus petals of the Ming Dynasty are fine and long, and there are small triangular ornaments in the petals and petals, while the lotus petals in the Qing Dynasty appear to be stout, and there is no decoration between the petals and the petals.
四、材料与质地,这是鉴定中最为直观的。铜佛像的材料主要有青铜、黄铜和红铜。如同样是清代,早、中期是不同的,特别是乾隆时期,因为国力强盛和皇室对佛像的崇奉,这时造的佛像用材料特别好,所以乾隆时期佛像一上手,就有特别沉的感觉,而到晚清的佛像,手感要轻许多。
Four, material and texture, which is the most intuitive identification. The material of bronze Buddha is mainly bronze, brass and red copper. As the same is the Qing Dynasty, early and middle period is different, especially in the Qian Long period, because of the strong national strength and the worship of the royal family, the statue of Buddha is especially good, so the Buddha statue in Qian Long period has a special feeling, and the statue of Buddha in the late Qing Dynasty is much more.
五、铭文与题记,是造像本身提供给我们的文字鉴定内容。明代有“大明永乐年施”和“大明宣德年施”款,清代则为“大清乾隆年制”款,这两个朝代只有这3个款识较多,其他年号一般不刻款。
Five, inscriptions and inscriptions are the contents of the text provided by the statues themselves. In the Ming Dynasty, there were "Daming Yongle annual application" and "Daming Xuan de year", and the Qing Dynasty was "the Qing Dynasty Qianlong year system", these two dynasties only these 3 more, the other years are generally not carved.
明清佛像,已成为藏传佛像的代名词,精品明清佛像的存世数量稀少,它依然存在价格洼地,因而现在入手收藏,仍然不失时机。尽管如今佛像市场,造假已经不是秘密,但掌握好辨伪技巧,投资铜佛像扔不失为一个好的投资方向。
The Buddhist statues of the Ming and Qing dynasties have become the pronouns of the Tibetan Buddhist statues. The numbers of the exquisite Ming and Qing Buddhist statues are rare and still exist in the price lowlands. Although today's market is not a secret, it is a good investment direction to grasp the skills of distinguishing counterfeit and invest in bronze Buddha.